Systematic identification of chemical forms of key terpene synthase in Cinnamomum camphora / 中国中药杂志

Cinnamomum camphora is an important economic tree species in China. According to the type and content of main components in the volatile oil of leaf, C. camphora were divided into five chemotypes, including borneol-type, camphor-type, linalool-type, cineole-type, and nerolidol-type. Terpene synthase(TPS) is the key enzyme for the formation of these compounds. Although several key enzyme genes have been identified, the biosynthetic pathway of(+)-borneol, which has the most economic value, has not been reported. In this study, nine terpenoid synthase genes CcTPS1-CcTPS9 were cloned through transcriptome analysis of four chemical-type leaves. After the recombinant protein was induced by Escherichia coli, geranyl pyrophosphate(GPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate(FPP) were used as substrates for enzymatic reaction, respectively. Both CcTPS1 and CcTPS9 could catalyze GPP to produce bornyl pyrophosphate, which could be hydrolyzed by phosphohydrolase to obtain(+)-borneol, and the product of(+)-borneol accounted for 0.4% and 89.3%, respectively. Both CcTPS3 and CcTPS6 could catalyze GPP to generate a single product linalool, and CcTPS6 could also react with FPP to generate nerolidol. CcTPS8 reacted with GPP to produce 1,8-cineol(30.71%). Nine terpene synthases produced 9 monoterpene and 6 sesquiterpenes. The study has identified the key enzyme genes responsible for borneol biosynthesis in C. camphora for the first time, laying a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of chemical type formation and cultivating new varieties of borneol with high yield by using bioengineering technology.

Research advances on the role and mechanism of microRNA in hypertrophic scar / 中华烧伤杂志

Hypertrophic scar (HS) affects the function and beauty of patients, and brings a heavy psychological burden to patients. However, the specific pathogenesis mechanism of HS in molecular biology level is not yet clear, and this disease is still one of the clinical diseases difficult to prevent and cure. MicroRNA (miR) is a family of single-stranded endogenous noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression. The abnormal transcription of miR in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts can affect the transduction and expression of downstream signal pathway or protein, and the exploration of miR and its downstream signal pathway and protein helps deeply understand the occurrence and development mechanism of scar hyperplasia. This article summarized and analyzed how miR and multiple signal pathways involve in the formation and development of HS in recent years, and further outlined the interaction between miR and target genes in HS.

Effect of PKM2 on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Myeloma Bone Disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in myeloma bone disease (MBD) and its effect on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs.@*METHODS@#BMSCs were isolated from bone marrow of five patients with multiple myeloma (MM) (MM group) and five with iron deficiency anemia (control group) for culture and identification. The expression of PKM2 protein were compared between the two groups. The differences between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs were assessed by using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and oil red O staining, and detecting marker genes of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. The effect of MM cell line (RPMI-8226) and BMSCs co-culture on the expression of PKM2 was explored. Functional analysis was performed to investigate the correlations of PKM2 expression of MM-derived BMSCs with osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation by employing PKM2 activator and inhibitor. The role of orlistat was explored in regulating PKM2 expression, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MM-derived BMSCs.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control, MM-originated BMSCs possessed the ability of increased adipogenic and decreased osteogenic differentiation, and higher level of PKM2 protein. Co-culture of MM cells with BMSCs markedly up-regulated the expression of PKM2 of BMSCs. Up-regulation of PKM2 expression could promote adipogenic differentiation and inhibit osteogenic differentiation of MM-derived BMSCs, while down-regulation of PKM2 showed opposite effect. Orlistat significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation in MM-derived BMSCs via inhibiting the expression of PKM2.@*CONCLUSION@#The overexpression of PKM2 can induce the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in MBD. Orlistat can promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via inhibiting the expression of PKM2, indicating a potential novel agent of anti-MBD therapy.

Gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate the M2 polarization of macrophages within gastric cancer microenvironment via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of tumor-derived mesenchymal stem cells in regulating the M2 polarization of macrophages within gastric cancer microenvironment. Methods: Gastric cancer tissues and the adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected from patients underwent gastric cancer resection in the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang during 2018. In our study, THP-1-differentiated macrophages were co-cultured with gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs). Then, the M2 subtype-related gene, the markers expressed on cell surface and the cytokine profile were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry and Luminex liquid chip, respectively. The key cytokines mediating the inducing effect of GC-MSCs on macrophage polarization into the M2 subtype were detected and screened by Luminex liquid chip, which were further confirmed by the neutralizing antibody test. The expressions of macrophage proteins involved in M2 polarization-related signaling pathways under the different co-culture conditions of GC-MSCs were detected by western blot. Results: In Mac+ GC-MSC-culture medium (CM) group, the expression levels of Ym-1 and Fizz-1 (1.53±0.32 and 13.22±1.05, respectively), which are markers for M2 subtype, were both significantly higher than those of Mac group (1.00±0.05 and 1.21±0.38, respectively, P<0.05). The level of iNOS in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.60±0.41) was significantly lower than that of Mac group (1.06±0.38, P=0.023). In Mac+ GC-MSC-Transwell (TW) group, the expression levels of Ym-1 and Fizz-1 (1.47±0.09 and 13.16±2.77, respectively) were both significantly higher than those of Mac group (1.00±0.05 and 1.21±0.38, respectively, P<0.05). The level of iNOS in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.56±0.03) was significantly lower than that of Mac group (1.06±0.38, P=0.026). The ratios of CD163(+) /CD204(+) cells in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM and Mac+ GC-MSC-TW groups (3.80% and 4.40%, respectively) were both remarkably higher than that of Mac group (0.60%, P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1 and VEGF in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group were (592.60±87.52), (1 346.80±64.70), (11 256.00±29.03) and (1 463.90±66.67) pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of Mac group [(41.03±2.59), (17.35±1.79), (5 213.30±523.71) and (267.12±12.06) pg/ml, respectively, P<0.05]. The levels of TNF-α, IP-10, RANTES and MIP-1α were (95.57±9.34), (410.48±40.68), (6 967.30±1.29) and (1 538.70±283.04) pg/ml, which were significantly lower than those of Mac group [(138.01±24.31, (1 298.60±310.50), (14 631.00±4.21) and (6 633.20±1.47) pg/ml, respectively, P<0.05]. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in GC-MSCs [(11 185.02±2.82) and (12 718.03±370.17) pg/ml, respectively] were both strikingly higher than those of MSCs from adjacent non-cancerous gastric cancer tissues [(270.71±59.38) and (106.04±32.84) pg/ml, repectively, P<0.05]. The ratios of CD86(+) cells in Mac+ IL-6-blocked-GC-MSC-CM and Mac+ IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM groups (28.80% and 31.40%, respectively) were both higher than that of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (24.70%). Compared to Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (13.70%), the ratios of CD204(+) cells in Mac+ IL-6-blocked-GC-MSC-CM and Mac+ IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM groups (9.90% and 8.70%, separately) were reduced. The expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3, which are proteins of macrophage M2 polarization-related signaling pathway, in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01 and 1.08±0.01, respectively) were significantly higher than those of Mac group (0.50±0.01 and 0.82±0.01, respectively, P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK2 in Mac+ IL-6-blocked-GC-MSC-CM group (0.47±0.02) were significantly lower those that of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in Mac+ IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM group (0.50±0.01 and 0.85±0.01, respectively) were both significantly lower than those of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01 and 1.08±0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in Mac+ IL-6/IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM group (0.37±0.01 and 0.65±0.01, respectively) were both significantly lower than those of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01 and 1.08±0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: GC-MSCs promote the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophages via high secretions of IL-6 and IL-8, which subsequently induce the macrophage polarization into a pro-tumor M2 subtype within gastric cancer microenvironment.

Effect of computer virtual technique combined with pelvic reduction frame in the treatment of type C pelvic fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the short-term clinical effect of the computer virtual technique combined with pelvic reduction frame in the treatment of complex pelvic fractures.@*METHODS@#Thirty patients with Tile C pelvic fractures treated by percutaneous minimally invasive pelvic reduction frame from April 2018 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 males and 9 females, aged from 19 to 57 (39.40±9.85) years old. The patient's pelvic CT DICOM data were imported into Mimics software to reconstruct the virtual fracture model. Virtual reduction and nail placement were carried out on the fracture model, and then simulated fluoroscopy was carried out to record the ideal fluoroscopy orientation and angle to guide the correct fluoroscopy during operation. The operation time, fluoroscopy times and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. The quality of fracture reduction was evaluated by Matta image score standard, and the postoperative function was evaluated by Majeed function score standard.@*RESULTS@#All 30 patients achieved closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation. According to Matta score, the excellent and good rate of fracture reduction was 93.3%(28/30). A total of 67 channel screws were inserted, and the excellent and good rate was 98.5%(66/67). The operation time was (173.54±79.31) min, fluoroscopy time was (90.81±41.11) times, intraoperative blood loss was (81.21±43.97) ml. All incisions healed at one stage without broken nails or re-displacement of fractures. All patients were followed up for 12 months. At the final follow-up, Majeed function score was 73 to 94(85.66±5.33) scores.@*CONCLUSION@#Computer virtual technology combined with pelvic reduction frame could rapidly, accurately and safely reduce and fix unstable pelvic fractures. Computer virtualization could help surgeons to recognition and understanding pelvic fractures, pelvic reduction frame could improve the surgeon's ability to manage complex and unstable pelvic injuries.

Preparation and quality evaluation of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-volatile oil microemulsion / 中草药

Objective: Taking the volatile oil of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma with the effect of anti-senile dementia as model drug to prepare Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-volatile oil microemulsion (AO-ME). Methods: The composition of microemulsion was preliminarily determined according to the solubility of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in various solvents. By drawing pseudo-ternary phase diagram, the optimal microemulsion formulation was selected according to the size of particles and microemulsion region, stability of preparations and drug loading. Results: The optimal microemulsion formulation was that volatile oil of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Cremophor EL-glycerol-water was 6.25:20.83:10.42:62.5. The average particle size of AO-ME was (30.5 ± 0.2) nm with a polydispersity index of 0.150 ± 0.002. The viscosity value of AO-ME was (2.80 ± 0.21) mPa∙s. In vitro transdermal rate of AO-ME was (1 288.76 ± 16.20) μg/(cm2∙h), measured in β-asarone. Compared with ordinary emulsion, the transdermal rate of AO-ME was increased 14 times. The ciliary toxicity test of toad showed that the preparation had no significant toxicity. Conclusion: The preparation of AO-ME was prepared with stable physicochemical properties, good transdermal properties, and low toxicity to nasal mucosa cilia.

Correlations between the Biomechanical Properties of Cornea and Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】 To examine a potential correlation between corneal biomechanical properties with lamina cribrosa thickness.【Methods】Thirty-two patients with POAG，20 with NTG，15 with OHT and 26 healthy controls were included in the cross- sectional study. The parameters of corneal biomechanical properties and lamina cribrosa thickness were compared among POAG，NTG，OHT and healthy subjects by mixed-model analysis of variance（ANOVA）. Spearman′ s coefficient of rank correlation analysis was used to assess the association between parameters of deformation response and clinical factors. 【Results】 The Cronbach′ s α of lamina cribrosa thickness was 0.911，and ICC was more than 0.8. Laminar thickness was thinner in the POAG and NTG groups than in the OHT group and Normal group（P < 0.05）. There were no significant differences between OHT and normal groups（P = 0.653）. Correlation analysis showed that LCT and some important corneal biomechanical properties had significant correlation （P = 0.000）. 【Conclusions】 LCT showed different characteristic in glaucoma，and it may be an important factor for glaucoma progression. LCT and corneal biomechanical properties showed significant correlation ，and corneal biomechanical properties may be used to evaluate the biomechanical properties of optic nerve.

Detection of Repair of the Zone of Calcified Cartilage with Osteoarthritis through Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Objective</b>Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used imaging modality for observing the growth and development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after in vivo transplantation to treat osteoarthritis (OA). However, it is a challenge to accurately monitor the treatment effects of MSCs in the zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) with OA. This is especially true in the physiological and biochemical views that are not accurately detected by MRI contrast agents. In contrast, ultrashort time echo (UTE) MRI has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of the ZCC, creating the potential for more effectively observing the repair of the ZCC in OA by MSCs. A special focus is given to the outlook of the use of UTE MRI to detect repair of the ZCC with OA through MSCs. The limitations of the current techniques for clinical applications and future directions are also discussed.</p><p><b>Data Sources</b>Using the combined keywords: "osteoarthritis", "mesenchymal stem cells", "calcified cartilage", and "magnetic resonance imaging", the PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted up to June 1, 2017.</p><p><b>Study Selection</b>A total of 132 published articles were initially identified citations. Of the 132 articles, 48 articles were selected after further detailed review. This study referred to all the important English literature in full.</p><p><b>Results</b>In contrast, UTE MRI has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of the ZCC, creating the potential for more effectively observing the repair of the ZCC in OA by MSCs.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The current studies showed that the ZCC could be described in terms of its histomorphology and biochemistry by UTE MRI. We prospected that UTE MRI has been shown the potential for more effectively observing the repair of the ZCC in OA by MSCs in vivo.</p>

Cognitive status on prevention and control of chronic diseases among the medical staff / 预防医学

Objective To explore the cognitive level and demand of chronic disease prevention and treatment integration in the County hospitals and primary health care institutions. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the medical staff of five county-level hospitals and 39 community health service centers in Liandu District, Yunhe County and Jingning County, and qualitative interviews and on-site questionnaire survey were carried out among 573 medical staff from August to October in 2016. Results A total of 252 medical personnel at the county level or above, accounting for 43.98％, and 321 medical personnel in primary health care institutions, accounting for 56.04％. And 96.86％ of the medical staff thought it is necessary to integrate medical treatment and prevention. Only 32.98％ think that the local medical and anti-integration were the real ones and only 36.13％ have contacted the"top five prevention and control offices" at the county level. Two-way referral of key chronic patients and promotion of grassroots promotion of appropriate technology were better. And 77.38％ of medical staff at medical institutions above the county level and 75.70％ of medical personnel of primary medical institutions participated in the two-way referral work, with 66.67％ of county level medical staff of above medical institutions and 93.46％ medical staffs of primary medical institutions participated in the promotion of grassroots workplaces for appropriate technologies. And 82.72％ of the medical staff held or participated in appropriate technical training courses for chronic diseases within one year, but the proportion of holding or participating in ≥3 times was only 24.08％. Conclusion The work that county level five platform to promote chronic disease prevention and control of chronic disease prevention and treatment of medical integration still need to be strengthened. We should use the appropriate training mode to improve comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases among primary medical staff.

Evaluation of 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Methods One hundred and eighteen patients of early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who were planned to receive radical proximal gastrectomy from February 2011 to August 2015 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups by table of random number, including observation group (3S jejunal interposition) and control group (esophageal remnant gastric posterior wall anastomosis), with 59 patients in each group. Postoperative complications, operative time, nutritional parameters and postoperative quality of life were compared between two groups. Results The operation time in observation group was (152.3 ± 13.1) min, in control group was (146.0 ± 12.5) min, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The rate of complication in observation group was 8.5%(5/59), in control group was 13.6%(8/59), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and Vitamin B126, 12, and 18 months after operation in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The rate of reflux esophagitis 6, 12 and 18 months after operation in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The gastric emptying time 6, 12 and 18 months after operation in observation group was significantly prolonged, compared with that in control group (P<0.05). The scores of whole quality of life, emotional function, body function, pain, tired, appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and constipation 6 and 18 months after operation in observation group were significantly better than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a better method. The effect of antirelux is better and can improve the nutriture and quality of live for long time.

Evaluation of 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Methods One hundred and eighteen patients of early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who were planned to receive radical proximal gastrectomy from February 2011 to August 2015 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups by table of random number, including observation group (3S jejunal interposition) and control group (esophageal remnant gastric posterior wall anastomosis), with 59 patients in each group. Postoperative complications, operative time, nutritional parameters and postoperative quality of life were compared between two groups. Results The operation time in observation group was (152.3 ± 13.1) min, in control group was (146.0 ± 12.5) min, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The rate of complication in observation group was 8.5%(5/59), in control group was 13.6%(8/59), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and Vitamin B126, 12, and 18 months after operation in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The rate of reflux esophagitis 6, 12 and 18 months after operation in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The gastric emptying time 6, 12 and 18 months after operation in observation group was significantly prolonged, compared with that in control group (P<0.05). The scores of whole quality of life, emotional function, body function, pain, tired, appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and constipation 6 and 18 months after operation in observation group were significantly better than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The 3S jejunal interposition anastomosis in digestive tract reconstruction after radical resection for early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a better method. The effect of antirelux is better and can improve the nutriture and quality of live for long time.

Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide on differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells into chondrocytes in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) on the differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes in vitro and explore the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCK8 assay was performed to examine the cytotoxicity of SPIO (1 and 5 µg/mL) on cultured SD rat BMSCs. Prussian blue staining and fluorescence excitation assay were used to assess the binding of the SPIO to BMSCs after the cells had been cultured in chondrocytes-induced medium in the presence of SPIO (1 and 5 µg/mL) for 9 days. The mRNA levels of COL2 α2, aggrecan and MMP13 in the cell culture were examined using Q-PCR, and the chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs was analyzed using alcian blue staining and immunofluorescence staining for COL2 α2. The protein levels of COL2 α2, aggrecan, MMP13, Ihh and PTHrP in the cells were examined using Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CCK8 assay showed no significant toxicity of SPIO on BMSCs. Compared with the control cells, the cells cultured in the presence of SPIO showed increased expressions of COL2 α2 and aggrecan and decreased expression of MMP13 at both mRNA and protein levels with also significantly increased expressions of Ihh and PTHrP proteins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SPIO can promote the differentiation of rat BMSCs into chondrocytes and up-regulate the Ihh/PTHrP signal pathway, suggesting the potential of SPIO as a new therapeutic agent for chondrocyte-related diseases.</p>

Role of Diffusion-weighted and Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Activity of Ankylosing Spondylitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous studies showed that combining apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value with the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) index value might provide a reliable evaluation of the activity of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and that contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unnecessary. However, the results were based on confirming only a small random sample. This study aimed to assess the role of CE-MRI in differentiating the disease activity of AS by comparing ADC value with a large sample.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 115 patients with AS were enrolled in accordance with Bath AS Disease Activity Index and laboratory indices, and 115 patients were divided into two groups, including active group (n = 69) and inactive group (n = 46). SPARCC, ΔSI, and ADC values were obtained from the short tau inversion recovery (STIR), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and CE-MRI, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed for all parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal cutoff values (with sensitivity, specificity, respective area under the curve, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio) for the differentiation between active and inactive groups are as follows: SPARCC = 6 (72.06%, 82.61%, 0.836, 4.14, 0.34); ΔSI (%) = 153 (80.6%, 84.78%, 0.819, 5.3, 0.23); ADC value = 1.15 × 10-3 mm2/s (72.73%, 81.82%, 0.786, 4, 0.33). No statistical differences were found among the predictive values of SPARCC, ΔSI, and ADC. Multivariate analysis showed no significant difference between the combination of SPARCC and ADC values with and without ΔSI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using large sample, we concluded that the combination of STIR and DWI would play significant roles in assessing the disease activity, and CE-MRI sequence is not routinely used in imaging of AS to avoid renal fibrosis and aggravation of kidney disease.</p>

Magnetic resonance imaging versus DR for whole spine imaging in patients with degenerative spinal disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the quality of whole spine images obtained by DR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyze the whole spinal imaging sagittal parameters for standing DR and supine MRI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one patients aged 49.9∓17.6 years with degenerative spinal disease underwent both standing DR and supine MRI of the whole spine from November, 2010 to March, 2016. The image quality was retrospectively reviewed, and the cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured on the whole spinal lateral DR and middle sagittal MR images.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the DR and MR whole spine images had a high quality (100%). The CL, TK, LL, SS, and SVA measured were 28.37mnplus;10.91 °, 29.98mnplus;8.96 °, 45.61mnplus;12.46 °, 34.38mnplus;9.05 °, and 17.20mnplus;26.39 mm on DR images and were 24.34mnplus;9.01 °, 21.22mnplus;8.13 °, 41.45mnplus;12.17 °, 37.45mnplus;8.19 °, and 36.51mnplus;12.44mm on MR images, respectively, showing significant differences in the measurements between the two modalities (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, and 0.007, respectively). The correlation coefficient between DR and MR images for CL, TK, LL, SS, and SVA were 0.69, 0.68, 0.72, 0.51, and 0.27 (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.034, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both standing DR and supine MR whole spine imaging can provide high-quality images. The CL, TK, LL, SS, and SVA measured on supine MR whole spine images are correlated with those on standing DR images but differ obviously. Supine MR imaging can not substitute standing DR examinations, and comprehensive assessment of degenerative spinal disease needs the combination of the two imaging techniques.</p>

Change Trend of Viablity, Apoptosis and ROS Production of Neutrophil in vitro Culture / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the change trend of cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of peripheral blood neutrophils in in vitro culture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neutrophils were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum for diffentrent times in a fall humidified atmosphere with 5% COat 37 °C. Cell viability, spontaneous apoptosis and ROS level were detected by flow cytometry at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell viability of neutrophils could be maintained above 90% at 24 h in culture in vitro, and there was no significant difference between culture in vitro at 0 h and 24 h (P>0.05), but after culture in vitro at 72 h, the cell viability of neutrophils obviously droped, the count of apoptotic cells increased, and after culture in vitro at 96 h the neutrophils almostly all died and the production of ROS at 12 h significantly decreased as compared with that at 0 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cell viability of neutrophils at 24 h cultures in vitro can be maintained relative stable with cell viability above 90% and unobvious change of count of apoptotic cells, but the neutrophil function test of ROS should be carried out immediately after cell separation.</p>

Correlation between vertebral bone marrow fat and abdomen fat: a prospective study / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between the lumbar bone marrow fat and abdominal fat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 68 individuals (32 men and 36 women, aged 21-74 years with a median of 49.5 years) were included in this study. All the subjects underwent spectroscopic examination of the third lumber vertebra with the single voxel method on a 1.5T MR scanner to measure the fat fraction (FF%). Quantitative CT was also performed for measurement of the abdomen subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The measurements were compared between subjects aged ≥50 years and those below 50 years, respectively,in male or female subjects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In male subjects, BMI, FF%, VAT or SAT showed no significant differences between the two age groups (P>0.05), and FF% was not correlated with BMI, VAT or SAT (r=0.109, 0.034, 0.066, respectively; P>0.05). In the female subjects, BMI, FF%, VAT and SAT differed significantly between the two age groups (P<0.05), and in ≥50 years group, FF% showed a positive correlation with VAT (r=0.499, P<0.05) but was not correlated with SAT (r=0.221, P>0.05); in<50 years group, FF% was not correlated with VAT or SAT (r=0.076, -0.067, respectively; P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FF% is positively correlated with VAT in female subjects aged beyond 50 years, but is not correlated with VAT or SAT in male subjects or in younger female subjects.</p>

A visualization study of research papers on childhood tuberculous meningitis in China and abroad over the past decade / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce co-word analysis into the analysis of the current research status of childhood tuberculous meningitis, to compare the similarities and differences in research topics of the field in China and abroad over the past decade, and to discover the advantages and weak links in the study field in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for the articles which met the inclusion criteria. Ucinet 6.0 and Netdraw were used for co-occurrence analysis, and the co-article relationship between high-frequency key words was visualized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 226 articles abroad and 186 Chinese articles on childhood tuberculous meningitis were obtained. The figures for co-occurrence analysis of high-frequency key words in research articles on childhood tuberculous meningitis in China and abroad were successfully plotted. Compared with the studies in China, the studies abroad were more sophisticated and well-developed, with more studies on drug-resistant tuberculosis, the relationship between tuberculosis and AIDS, and the epidemiology of tuberculosis. The key words listed in the studies abroad were more standard. The studies in China on childhood tuberculous meningitis concentrated on vaccination and nursing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In general, the studies on childhood tuberculous meningitis in China and abroad have the same directions. The studies abroad have a complicated network and use more standard key words. The studies on childhood tuberculous meningitis are well conducted in China. However, more studies are needed for drug-resistant tuberculosis, the relationship between tuberculosis and AIDS, and the epidemiology of tuberculosis in future.</p>

Efficacy of sweet solutions in relieving pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1 to 12 months: a systematic review / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of oral sweet solutions in relieving pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1 to 12 months.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Related databases were searched to find related randomized control trails (RCTs). The quality of these RCTs was evaluated. The Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 20 RCTs involving 2 376 infants were included, and quality assessment showed that 6 RCTs had grade A quality and 14 had grade B quality. The Meta analysis showed that compared with sterile water, 25%-75% oral sweet solution significantly reduced crying time (WMD=-21.16, 95%CI -39.66 to -2.77, P<0.05) and the proportion of crying time (the duration of crying /3-minute periods after the injection) (WMD=-13.83, 95%CI -20.88 to -6.78, P<0.01), while the crying time showed no significant difference between the group treated with oral administration of 12% sucrose solution and non-intervention group. Co</p><p><b>ONCLUSIONS</b>Oral sweet solution (25%-75%; 2 mL) given 2 minutes before vaccination can effectively relieve the pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1-12 months.</p>

An investigation on health literacy and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents in Lishui City / 预防医学

Objective To understand the status of health literacy among residents in Lishui City,and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used to recruit 2 813 residents aged 15 to 69 years old. Influencing factors of health literacy were also analyzed by logistic regression. Results A total of 2 071 valid questionnaires were collected. The general health literacy rate among residents was 15. 25%,and the standardized rate was 16. 26%. The proportion of residents with basic knowledge and health concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior and health related skills were 19. 33%,8. 63% and 22. 99% respectively. The proportion of scientific view,prevention of infectious disease,prevention of chronic disease,safety and emergency treatment,acquisition of basic health care and information were 42. 69%, 29. 43%, 9. 11%, 53. 31%, 18. 29% and 24. 81% respectively. Logistic regression showed that education,occupation and income were the influencing factors of health literacy. Conclusion It is important to improve the health literacy of residents in Lishui City. Education,occupation and income were associated with health literacy.

Effect of Abnormal Savda Munziq on hypertrophic scar formation in a rabbit ear model / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether administrating Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), a traditional Uighur herbal preparation used for the prevention or treatment of diseases, affects hypertrophic scar (HTS) formation by using an established rabbit ear model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HTS rabbit model was created by circular fullthickness skin excisions on both ears of rabbits. Twenty rabbits were randomized into four groups, with 5 rabbits and 60 wounds in each group. Group A was the control group, treated with normal saline daily. Groups B, C, and D were the treatment groups at three different doses of ASMq (400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, daily, by gastrogavage). Twenty wounds were randomly chosen from each group on the 40th day after treatment and specimen were examined. Scar elevation index (SEI) was analyzed with histological assessment, and ultrastructure analysis was analyzed with a transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Groups B, C, and D demonstrated significant reductions in SEI as compared with the control group at 35.9% (P=0.0212), 48.2% (P=0.0108), and 52.7% (P=0.0103), respectively in a dose-response manner. SEI was lowered in Group D compared with Group B with a significant difference (P=0.015). However, there were no significant differences between Groups B and C, or between Groups C and D. Histological analysis showed that highdose ASMq (1200 mg/kg) could enhance the softening of HTS of rabbit ears and increase the compliance as shown in general. Ultrastructure analysis showed that with increased ASMq dose, the fibroblasts, pro-collagen, collagen, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were reduced gradually.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Orally administered ASMq significantly reduces the severity of HTS in the rabbit ear model. The findings of this study may have clinical implications on the management of human HTS.</p>